BMC infectious diseases · 2026
Serial blood serum measurements of calprotectin and deoxyribonuclease in COVID-19 patients during hospitalization and recovery until one year: a prospective, multicenter, observational study.
СтатьяМногоцентровое исследованиеНаблюдательное исследованиеНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
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Kildal Anders Benjamin, Ueland Thor, Mirlashari Mohammad Reza, Nissen-Meyer Lise Sofie, Granerud Beathe Kiland, Dyrhol-Riise Anne Ma, Tonby Kristian, Holten Aleksander Rygh, Heggelund Lars, Müller Karl Erik, Tveita Anders, Bøe Simen, Fagerhol Magne Kristoffer, Hetland Geir, Holter Jan Cato, Norwegian SARS-CoV-2 study group
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: To examine circulating calprotectin and deoxyribonuclease (DNase) serum levels during hospitalization in COVID-19 patients, their continuity post-discharge and dynamics in relation to disease severity.
METHODS: Serum levels were measured in samples collected from 252 COVID-19 patients during hospitalization (admission, days 3-5 and 7-10), at 3 months and after 1 year, and related to admission to intensive care unit (ICU) or high dependency unit (HDU), and 60-day total mortality.
RESULTS: During hospitalization, calprotectin and DNase levels were significantly elevated compared to healthy controls (HC). Calprotectin was increased in ICU/HDU patients compared to those at wards during hospitalization and in non-survivors compared to survivors during prolonged hospitalization. High calprotectin levels at admission were associated with male sex, PaO2/FiO2 ratio and national COVID-19 wave 2 and 3 compared to wave 1. High admission levels of both calprotectin and ferritin were associated with an approximately twofold higher odds ratio for ICU/HDU admission than either marker alone. DNase was lower at admission in non-survivors compared to survivors. Post-discharge, DNase but not calprotectin levels remained elevated extending to 1-year follow-up compared to HC.
CONCLUSIONS: COVID‑19 non‑survivors showed persistently higher calprotectin levels during prolonged hospitalization, and elevated admission calprotectin was associated with later pandemic waves and poorer oxygenation. Incorporating calprotectin with ferritin improved prediction of ICU/HDU admission. DNase levels were lower at admission in non‑survivors, while overall DNase remained elevated from hospitalization through 1‑year follow‑up compared with HC, suggesting a possible role in long‑term COVID‑19-related immune alterations.
METHODS: Serum levels were measured in samples collected from 252 COVID-19 patients during hospitalization (admission, days 3-5 and 7-10), at 3 months and after 1 year, and related to admission to intensive care unit (ICU) or high dependency unit (HDU), and 60-day total mortality.
RESULTS: During hospitalization, calprotectin and DNase levels were significantly elevated compared to healthy controls (HC). Calprotectin was increased in ICU/HDU patients compared to those at wards during hospitalization and in non-survivors compared to survivors during prolonged hospitalization. High calprotectin levels at admission were associated with male sex, PaO2/FiO2 ratio and national COVID-19 wave 2 and 3 compared to wave 1. High admission levels of both calprotectin and ferritin were associated with an approximately twofold higher odds ratio for ICU/HDU admission than either marker alone. DNase was lower at admission in non-survivors compared to survivors. Post-discharge, DNase but not calprotectin levels remained elevated extending to 1-year follow-up compared to HC.
CONCLUSIONS: COVID‑19 non‑survivors showed persistently higher calprotectin levels during prolonged hospitalization, and elevated admission calprotectin was associated with later pandemic waves and poorer oxygenation. Incorporating calprotectin with ferritin improved prediction of ICU/HDU admission. DNase levels were lower at admission in non‑survivors, while overall DNase remained elevated from hospitalization through 1‑year follow‑up compared with HC, suggesting a possible role in long‑term COVID‑19-related immune alterations.