[At the intersection of immunology and oncology: TAM receptors in the regulation of immune responses and tumorigenesis-related processes].

TAM receptor tyrosine kinases (TYRO3, AXL, MER) and their ligands, protein S (PROS1) and growth inhibition-specific protein 6 (GAS6), play a key role in maintaining homeostasis and regulating the immune response through involvement in efferocytosis, i.e., phagocytic removal of apoptotic cells and suppression of the innate immune response. Thus, their dysfunction leads, among others, to the development of autoimmune diseases. In turn, excessive production of TAM receptors correlates with the invasive phenotype of cancer cells, metastasis, drug resistance, and poor prognosis for patients with cancer. Moreover, activation of these receptors contributes to the promotion of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and evading the immune response by cancer cells. Interestingly, recent studies suggest that these receptors are also involved in the cellular entry of viruses such as Zika or SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, in recent years, various therapeutic strategies targeting TAM receptors have been intensively developed, and their effectiveness has been assessed in numerous preclinical and clinical studies.