The Journal of hospital infection · 2025
How professions, the COVID-19 pandemic, and feedback influence alcohol-based hand-rub volumes per disinfection in functional units of a German hospital: a long-term evaluation.
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Senges C, Laatzen M, Herzer C, Niesalla H, Oppenheimer F
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Hand hygiene (HH) is the most important measure to reduce healthcare-associated infections. Most HH studies and interventions focus on HH on wards, neglecting the fact that many invasive procedures are performed in functional units (FUs).
AIM: To assess HH in FUs such as operating rooms, using disinfectant volumes (in mL) per disinfection, and to investigate how factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic and feedback influence it.
METHODS: Using electronic monitoring, HH data were collected from five FUs of a German hospital over almost four years, including the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on disinfectant volumes per hand disinfection (HD). The influence of the pandemic and feedback interventions on disinfectant volumes were investigated, taking into account task similarity and inter-professional collaboration.
FINDINGS: Disinfectant volumes per HD varied between professional groups and FUs. Doctors in urological endoscopy used the largest median volume (3.41 mL). At the onset of the pandemic, volumes per HD increased and variability decreased, with 2.5-3.5 mL used most frequently. Subsequently, volumes decreased and increased again with the fourth wave in 2021. Post-pandemic volumes remained higher than pre-pandemic volumes. Only four of 147 ward-level feedback interventions significantly affected HH behaviour in FUs. Comparable HH behaviour was observed among healthcare workers with similar tasks or close collaboration.
CONCLUSION: The pandemic influenced HH and led to an up-down-up trend in disinfectant volumes per HD. We propose that interventions to improve HH in specific settings need to be tailored to those settings. Professional groups performing similar tasks or collaborating closely may be grouped.
AIM: To assess HH in FUs such as operating rooms, using disinfectant volumes (in mL) per disinfection, and to investigate how factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic and feedback influence it.
METHODS: Using electronic monitoring, HH data were collected from five FUs of a German hospital over almost four years, including the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on disinfectant volumes per hand disinfection (HD). The influence of the pandemic and feedback interventions on disinfectant volumes were investigated, taking into account task similarity and inter-professional collaboration.
FINDINGS: Disinfectant volumes per HD varied between professional groups and FUs. Doctors in urological endoscopy used the largest median volume (3.41 mL). At the onset of the pandemic, volumes per HD increased and variability decreased, with 2.5-3.5 mL used most frequently. Subsequently, volumes decreased and increased again with the fourth wave in 2021. Post-pandemic volumes remained higher than pre-pandemic volumes. Only four of 147 ward-level feedback interventions significantly affected HH behaviour in FUs. Comparable HH behaviour was observed among healthcare workers with similar tasks or close collaboration.
CONCLUSION: The pandemic influenced HH and led to an up-down-up trend in disinfectant volumes per HD. We propose that interventions to improve HH in specific settings need to be tailored to those settings. Professional groups performing similar tasks or collaborating closely may be grouped.