The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness · 2007
Menstrual cycle stage and oral contraceptive effects on anterior tibial displacement in collegiate female athletes.
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Hicks-Little C A, Thatcher J R, Hauth J M, Goldfuss A J, Cordova M L
Аннотация
AIM: The aim of this study was to establish if differences in anterior tibial displacement exists in collegiate female student-athletes at different stages of the menstrual cycle.
DESIGN AND SETTING: a 2 x 3 factorial design with repeated measures on the second factor guided this study. The first independent variable was group with 2 levels (control and oral contraceptive) and the second independent variable was menstrual cycle phase with 3 levels (follicular, ovulation, luteal). The single dependent variable was anterior tibial displacement. All data were collected in a research laboratory.
SUBJECTS: 53 female student athletes (control: n=28; oral contraceptive: n=25) with no previous history of knee injury or anomalies with a normal 28-30 day menstrual cycle participated.
MEASUREMENTS: anterior tibial displacement (mm) measurements were taken on days 1 (follicular phase), 13 (ovulation phase), and 23 (luteal phase) of each subject's menstrual cycle using a KT1000 knee arthrometer.
RESULTS: For the entire group, statistically significant increases in anterior tibial laxity were found (F=4.49; df=52.1; P<0.05) between the follicular cycle (0+/-SD =5.14 mm) and ovulation cycle (0+/-SD=5.81 mm); and follicular cycle (0+/-SD=5.14 mm) and luteal cycle (0+/-SD=5.79 mm). A separate analysis of the non-birth control group revealed no significant difference in anterior tibial laxity throughout the stages of the menstrual cycle.
CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that: 1) the menstrual cycle does have an influence on laxity of the anterior displacement of the knee; 2) significant increases in anterior displacement are shown during the ovulation and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle; and 3) birth control subjects tend to have increased laxity when compared to those subjects who are not on hormone therapy.
DESIGN AND SETTING: a 2 x 3 factorial design with repeated measures on the second factor guided this study. The first independent variable was group with 2 levels (control and oral contraceptive) and the second independent variable was menstrual cycle phase with 3 levels (follicular, ovulation, luteal). The single dependent variable was anterior tibial displacement. All data were collected in a research laboratory.
SUBJECTS: 53 female student athletes (control: n=28; oral contraceptive: n=25) with no previous history of knee injury or anomalies with a normal 28-30 day menstrual cycle participated.
MEASUREMENTS: anterior tibial displacement (mm) measurements were taken on days 1 (follicular phase), 13 (ovulation phase), and 23 (luteal phase) of each subject's menstrual cycle using a KT1000 knee arthrometer.
RESULTS: For the entire group, statistically significant increases in anterior tibial laxity were found (F=4.49; df=52.1; P<0.05) between the follicular cycle (0+/-SD =5.14 mm) and ovulation cycle (0+/-SD=5.81 mm); and follicular cycle (0+/-SD=5.14 mm) and luteal cycle (0+/-SD=5.79 mm). A separate analysis of the non-birth control group revealed no significant difference in anterior tibial laxity throughout the stages of the menstrual cycle.
CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that: 1) the menstrual cycle does have an influence on laxity of the anterior displacement of the knee; 2) significant increases in anterior displacement are shown during the ovulation and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle; and 3) birth control subjects tend to have increased laxity when compared to those subjects who are not on hormone therapy.