Heterosexual transmission of HIV in a cohort of couples in New York City.

OBJECTIVE

Since heterosexual transmission of HIV in the United States is occurring at an increasing rate, especially among black and Hispanic couples and those in which one member has a history of intravenous drug use, we sought to study the heterosexual transmission of HIV in couples.

DESIGN

Multiple logistic regression analysis of risks for HIV infection in female partners.

METHODS

We enrolled 158 non-intravenous drug user (IVDU) steady heterosexual partners of HIV-infected individuals (indexes) in this study. Of these, 93% were women, 54% were Hispanic whites, 23% were black and 65.6% were partners of IVDU.

RESULTS

In a multiple logistic regression analysis of risks for HIV infection in female partners, the strongest predictors of transmission were AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC) in the index [adjusted odds ratios (OR), 16.81; P < 0.001 and 12.53; P = 0.003, respectively], a history of anal intercourse (adjusted OR, 10.81; P < 0.001) and bleeding as a result of intercourse (adjusted OR, 4.90; P < 0.05). Female-to-male transmission was detected in seven out of 11 couples at risk. Ethnicity, number of episodes of vaginal intercourse, number of other sexual partners and history of sexually transmitted infections were not significantly associated with transmission to women.

CONCLUSION

Our study demonstrates that health of the index, anal intercourse and bleeding as a result of intercourse are the major determinants of sexual transmission of HIV to women in couples.