Transcatheter Management of Pulmonary Vein Stenosis in Children.

Pediatric intraluminal pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is a challenging condition where the diagnosis is confirmed via cardiac catheterization. The patient population is complex with inherent hemodynamic vulnerabilities, and the high rate of restenosis necessitates recurrent, technically demanding transcatheter interventions. Furthermore, decisions made during each procedure can have a lasting impact on future care. To address these challenges, we present a guideline for transcatheter interventions for PVS, informed by both published literature and the Authors' clinical experience.