A comparison of sensor-based lower extremity reaction times, walking speeds, functional performance, and activity fear in older adults with a history of falls: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND

The use of technological methods that encourage cognitive-motor skills with the help of visual information has become increasingly widespread. This study compares sensor-based lower extremity reaction times, walking speeds, balance performance, and activity fear between older adults with and without a history of falls.

METHODS

Thirty older adults (65 or over) with a history of falls and 32 with no such history were recruited into this cross-sectional study. A simple response task (SRT) and choice response task (CRT) were evaluated with three Blazepod™ pods. These supplied the essential visual cues for participants to either reply as swiftly as possible in the SRT or to make judgments among several possibilities in the CRT. Walking speed was measured using the Time Up & Go (TUG) and 10 m Walking (10MY) tests. The Five Time Sit o Stand (FTSS) test and Berg Balance Test (BBS) were applied to assess functional performance. Fear of falling was assessed with the Falls Efficacy Scale (FES). Group differences were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test, and correlations were assessed with Spearman’s test (p < 0.05).

RESULTS

SRT and CRT values were lower in older adults with a history of falls compared to the controls (p < 0.001). Older adults with a history of falls showed slower Timed Up and Go performance (15.2 vs. 9.5 s, p < 0.001) and greater activity fear (p < 0.001) compared to those without a history of falls. Significant correlations were observed between reaction time and almost all factors (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Sensor-based reaction time assessments using the BlazePod™ system revealed that older adults with a history of falls exhibit slower lower-extremity reaction times. Furthermore, they demonstrate lower physical performance, reduced walking speed, impaired balance, and a greater fear of movement compared with their non-faller counterparts. Future research should focus on developing targeted, sensor-based interventions to improve reaction times and reduce fall risk in older adults.