Clinical utility of real-time polymerase chain reaction to quantify cytomegalovirus replication in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients with different prevention strategies.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) end-organ disease is a serious, frequent complication after allogenic stem cell transplantation (Allo-SCT). There are two prevention strategies: universal prophylaxis and preemptive therapy. Preemptive therapy is administered based on the results of sensitive techniques that detect the viral infection. We analyzed 41 peripheral blood Allo-SCT recipients: 34 received prophylaxis and seven preemptive treatment. Viral infections determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays occurred at an overall incidence of 65.8%. The viral loads quantified by RT-PCR were compared among the prophylaxis versus the preemptive group. Overall, the median viral load was significantly higher in the preemptive compared with the prophylaxis group (P=.002). Furthermore, within the first 100 days posttransplantation, viral load values were higher among patients undergoing preemptive therapy (P=.009).