Outcomes following vestibular schwannoma surgery.

Surgical intervention for vestibular schwannomas (VS) is typically considered when a large or growing tumor is diagnosed. Several surgical approaches are used to access the internal acoustic canal and cerebellopontine angle for resections of VS, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. The choice of surgical approach is guided by tumor size, location, and preoperative hearing status. Tumor control, facial nerve (FN) function protection, and hearing preservation are the main goals in treating VS. Excellent tumor control outcomes with stereotactic radiation in recent decades, and the recognition that aggressive surgical resection places the FN at risk have led to a shift in treatment philosophy for VS. Recent broadening of approved indications for cochlear implantation and advances in auditory brainstem implant technology have also provided new options in hearing rehabilitation for patients with VS.