Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy in the Patient with Cardiac Disease.

Using a framework of understanding the pathophysiology of heart disease, this article discusses considerations for prescribing fluids in patients with cardiac disease as well as those with heart failure. It highlights the importance of recognizing electrolyte and volume abnormalities, which are common in congestive heart failure, and the need for goal-directed, individualized fluid therapy to maintain balance and prevent worsening of heart failure or renal impairment. The article covers fluid management strategies, including resuscitation, rehydration, maintenance, and considerations during congestive heart failure, along with the significance of monitoring electrolytes - especially sodium potassium, chloride, and magnesium - to optimize patient outcomes.