A human cardiopulmonary model: extension to LV dysfunction.

We update a cardiopulmonary (CP) model previously developed by our group, more convincingly validate the model with additional hemodynamic and echocardiographic data, and demonstrate the utility of the model by extending it to the simulation of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) via a simple parameter change. The model has considerable potential for the characterization of complex cardiopulmonary diseases such as right or left ventricular failure, valve dysfunction, primary pulmonary hypertension, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).