[Anxiety and depression in patients with dizziness and vertigo: analysis of related influencing factors].

Objective:This study aims to assess anxiety and depression levels in patients with dizziness and vertigo using the Patient Health Questionnaire（PHQ-9） and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale（GAD-7）, and to identify the associated influencing factors. Methods:This retrospective study analyzed clinical data from 156 patients who visited the Hearing and Balance Center of Zhuhai of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital between June and December 2024. Patients with dizziness and vertigo completed the PHQ-9, GAD-7, and DHI scales. Results:①Among the 156 patients with dizziness and vertigo, 96 were females and 60 were males, with an mean age of（46.42±14.11）years and an mean disease duration of（25.91±47.18）months. Abnormal PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were observed in 70.51% and 58.97% of patients, respectively. There were no significant differences in PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores between different genders（P>0.05）. However, the abnormality rate of GAD-7 scores was significantly higher in females than in males（P<0.05）. Significant differences in PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were found across different age groups（both P<0.05）. There were no significant differences in PHQ-9 scores among different disease duration groups（both P>0.05）. However, the percentage of abnormal GAD-7 scores varied significantly across duration groups（P<0.05）, while the GAD-7 scores themselves did not differ significantly（P>0.05）. The highest percentage of abnormal scores occurred in the 1-3-month group, which was greater than that in the<1 month and>3 month groups. ②There was no significant difference in the percentage of abnormal PHQ-9 among different DHI groups（P>0.05）, but the mean PHQ-9 scores differed significantly（P<0.05）. The highest PHQ-9 scores were observed in the severe impairment group, followed by the moderate and mild impairment groups. In contrast, neither the percentage of abnormal scores or the mean scores for GAD-7 showed significant differences across the DHI groups（both P>0.05）. ③There were no significant differences in the percentage of abnormal scores and average PHQ-9 scores across different etiology groups（P>0.05 for both）. However, significant differences were observed in the percentage of abnormal GAD-7 scores and the average GAD-7 scores among different etiology groups（P<0.05 for both）. ④There was a significant positive correlation between the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores（r=0.626, P<0.01）. Both PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were positively correlated with DHI scale scores（r1=0.239, P1<0.01; r2=0.212, P2<0.01）. Conclusion:Anxiety and depression in patients with dizziness and vertigo are associated with factors such as gender, age, disease duration, dizziness impairment level, and etiology. Young females patients and those with functional dizziness are more likely to experience anxiety and depression. These psychological symptoms are positively correlated with the severity of dizziness. The PHQ-9 and GAD-7 are effective screening tools for identifying patients with dizziness and vertigo who also exhibit anxiety and depression. These questionnaires can support clinicians in making more comprehensive diagnoses, enhance treatment outcomes, and provide quantitative foundation for establishing a bio-psycho-social intervention model.