Factors Influencing Quality of Life in Myasthenia Gravis Patients: Results From a Cross-Sectional Study in South of Iran.

BACKGROUND

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular junction characterized by fatigue and muscle weakness, often leading to significant impairments in quality of life (QOL). This single-center cross-sectional study investigated factors influencing QOL among MG patients.

METHODS

Fifty-two participants diagnosed with MG were assessed using the MG Foundation of America (MGFA) classification and the MG composite (MGC) scale for disease severity. Patients completed validated questionnaires, including the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), MG Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL), and the MG Quality of Life 15-item scale (MG-QOL). Family stress levels were self-reported and categorized as "Rarely/Never," "Sometimes," "Often," or "Always."

RESULTS

The analysis revealed no significant differences in QOL scores based on sex, disease type, presenting symptoms, thymectomy status, or BMI. Employed or freelance patients exhibited significantly lower QOL and higher fatigue compared to retired or housewife groups. Higher family stress correlated with increased fatigue, worse MGC scores, and poorer QOL. Regression analysis identified the MG-ADL and FSS scores as the strongest predictors of QOL.

CONCLUSION

QOL in MG is influenced by complex interactions among functional, social, and occupational factors. These findings emphasize the need for tailored interventions to address fatigue and support occupational and familial well-being in MG patients. Further research with larger cohorts is warranted to refine these insights and guide clinical strategies.