Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026
Variation of caffeine use in late preterm infants in U.S. NICUs over time: A 12-year cohort study.
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Weimer Kristin E D, Katakam Lakshmi, Williams Kevin, Gray Keyaria, Athavale Kamlesh, Schneider Simone, Chan Poon Kwai Tei, Tolia Veeral N, Greenberg Rachel G, Benjamin Daniel K, Aleem Samia
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Describe caffeine use in late preterm infants (LPIs) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) over time METHODS: Cohort study of infants born 34-36 weeks gestation discharged from Pediatrix Medical Group NICUs from 2011-2022.
RESULTS: Of 233,804 LPIs, 3.7% (n = 8633) were exposed to caffeine. Caffeine-exposed LPIs had a lower gestational age (GA), were more likely to receive surfactant, had higher and longer respiratory support needs, and longer length of stay (all p < 0.001). Compared to epoch 1 (2011-2016), LPIs in epoch 2 (2017-2022) were exposed to caffeine at an earlier postnatal age (2 vs. 3 days), shorter duration (1 vs. 6 days) and had discontinued at an earlier postmenstrual age (35 vs. 35.4 weeks) (all p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Caffeine was used more often in LPIs requiring respiratory support and with lower GA. Although incidence of caffeine use was stable over time, details of prescribing practices differed across sites and over time.
RESULTS: Of 233,804 LPIs, 3.7% (n = 8633) were exposed to caffeine. Caffeine-exposed LPIs had a lower gestational age (GA), were more likely to receive surfactant, had higher and longer respiratory support needs, and longer length of stay (all p < 0.001). Compared to epoch 1 (2011-2016), LPIs in epoch 2 (2017-2022) were exposed to caffeine at an earlier postnatal age (2 vs. 3 days), shorter duration (1 vs. 6 days) and had discontinued at an earlier postmenstrual age (35 vs. 35.4 weeks) (all p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Caffeine was used more often in LPIs requiring respiratory support and with lower GA. Although incidence of caffeine use was stable over time, details of prescribing practices differed across sites and over time.