International ophthalmology · 2026
The use of the smart eye camera for diagnosing and grading cataract in diabetic and non-diabetic patients in an outpatient setting in Jordan.
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Khalil Mohammed Bilal, Abu-Ismail Luai, Alawadhi Abdullah, Aloudat Bashar, Bahzar Aisha Ali, Althunibat Ahmad, Alajarmeh Almutasim, Al Dalahmeh Odeh, Khemlani Rohan Jeetendra, Tomita Kosei, Nishimura Hiroki, Morilova Uliana, Nakayama Shintaro, Shimizu Eisuke
Аннотация
UNLABELLED: AIM\PURPOSE: To study the association of DM among multiple risk factors with the presence of cataract in an outpatient setting in Jordan using only the Smart Eye Camera (SEC), a smartphone-attachable slit-lamp device. We also evaluated the agreement of 4 observers, independently watching the web-saved video captures from the SEC, on cataract diagnosis and grading.
METHODS: Patients underwent anterior segment video acquisition using the SEC, which provides slit-beam illumination comparable to conventional slit-lamp microscope. The leading observer reviewed web-saved videos and graded cataracts using our modified LOCS III. 3 additional observers independently evaluated the SEC videos and recorded their findings. Patients had their charts reviewed, when accessible, for medical conditions and medications.
RESULTS: We analyzed 392 eyes of 204 patients. 102 were diabetic and 102 non-diabetic patients. The total number of cataract patients was 106. In diabetics, 59 (57.8%) were cataract patients and in non-diabetics there were 47 (46.1%). The odds ratio for the presence of any type of cataract in any eye of a diabetic patient was 1.606 with a p-value of 0.093, i.e., not statistically significant. Age and hypertension were significantly associated with cataract of any type. Kappa inter-observer agreement for the 4 observers was fair overall and substantial for diagnosing clinically significant nuclear cataract.
CONCLUSION: The Smart Eye Camera is a small, fast, and reliable tool for the diagnosis of clinically significant cataract in the outpatient setting (Fleiss Kappa among 4 observers of 0.601) and would be of great value for nation-wide cataract surgery screening campaigns. Nuclear cataract is associated with hypertension and age in this pool from Jordan.As keywords are mandatory for this journal, please provide 3-6 keywords. Smart Eye Camera Cataract DiabetesPlease confirm if the author names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence (given name, middle name/initial, family name). Author 1 Given name: [Mohammed Bilal] Last name [Khalil]. Author 5 Given name: [Aisha Ali] Last name [Bahzar]. Author 8 Given name: [Odeh Al] Last name [dalahmeh]. Author 9 Given name: [Rohan Jeetendra] Last name [Khemlani]. Also, kindly confirm the details in the metadata are correct.Author 8 Given name: Odeh Last name: Al dalahmeh Correct metadata details.
METHODS: Patients underwent anterior segment video acquisition using the SEC, which provides slit-beam illumination comparable to conventional slit-lamp microscope. The leading observer reviewed web-saved videos and graded cataracts using our modified LOCS III. 3 additional observers independently evaluated the SEC videos and recorded their findings. Patients had their charts reviewed, when accessible, for medical conditions and medications.
RESULTS: We analyzed 392 eyes of 204 patients. 102 were diabetic and 102 non-diabetic patients. The total number of cataract patients was 106. In diabetics, 59 (57.8%) were cataract patients and in non-diabetics there were 47 (46.1%). The odds ratio for the presence of any type of cataract in any eye of a diabetic patient was 1.606 with a p-value of 0.093, i.e., not statistically significant. Age and hypertension were significantly associated with cataract of any type. Kappa inter-observer agreement for the 4 observers was fair overall and substantial for diagnosing clinically significant nuclear cataract.
CONCLUSION: The Smart Eye Camera is a small, fast, and reliable tool for the diagnosis of clinically significant cataract in the outpatient setting (Fleiss Kappa among 4 observers of 0.601) and would be of great value for nation-wide cataract surgery screening campaigns. Nuclear cataract is associated with hypertension and age in this pool from Jordan.As keywords are mandatory for this journal, please provide 3-6 keywords. Smart Eye Camera Cataract DiabetesPlease confirm if the author names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence (given name, middle name/initial, family name). Author 1 Given name: [Mohammed Bilal] Last name [Khalil]. Author 5 Given name: [Aisha Ali] Last name [Bahzar]. Author 8 Given name: [Odeh Al] Last name [dalahmeh]. Author 9 Given name: [Rohan Jeetendra] Last name [Khemlani]. Also, kindly confirm the details in the metadata are correct.Author 8 Given name: Odeh Last name: Al dalahmeh Correct metadata details.