International journal of epidemiology · 2026
Low-dose radiation exposure and risk of self-reported cataract in Fukushima nuclear emergency workers.
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Hu Huan, Hatsusaka Natsuko, Little Mark P, Kurihara Osamu, Kim Eunjoo, Sasaki Hiroshi, Mizoue Tetsuya, Okubo Toshiteru
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Cataract is a well-established radiogenic condition and recent evidence suggests an increased risk even at radiation doses of <100 mGy. Following the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, ∼20 000 workers participated in emergency operations. This study aimed to investigate the association between cumulative low-dose occupational radiation exposure and the risk of cataract among workers enrolled in the Epidemiological Study of Health Effects in Fukushima Nuclear Emergency Workers.
METHODS: Data from 5773 nuclear emergency workers participating in the cohort were analysed. The cumulative lifetime occupational radiation dose was estimated by combining pre-2011 individual dose records from a nationwide nuclear radiation worker dose registry with radiation doses received during the 2011 emergency-work period. Self-reported, physician-diagnosed cataract was identified through baseline and first follow-up questionnaires. A Cox proportional hazards model was applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident cataract, with adjustments for major covariates.
RESULTS: More than 90% of the participants had cumulative occupational radiation exposure of <100 mSv, including doses received both prior to the accident and during the emergency period (March-November 2011). During 52 921 person-years of follow-up from 2012 to 2024 (mean, 9.2 years), 310 participants reported new-onset cataract. The risk of cataract increased with lifetime occupational exposure up to November 2011, with an HR of 1.03 per 10-mSv increase (95% CI, 1.02, 1.05). This association persisted after excluding participants with doses of ≥100 mSv. For exposure during the emergency period (March-November 2011), the HR was 1.06 per 10-mSv increase (95% CI, 1.03, 1.09). When the cumulative lifetime occupational radiation dose was recalculated by using 2-year and 5-year lag periods before diagnosis or censoring, the HRs per 10-mSv increase were 1.03 (95% CI, 1.01, 1.04) and 1.01 (95% CI, 0.99, 1.04), respectively.
CONCLUSION: This study suggests an excess risk of cataract at doses of <100 mSv and adds to the evidence base suggesting an association between low-dose occupational radiation exposure and cataract risk.
METHODS: Data from 5773 nuclear emergency workers participating in the cohort were analysed. The cumulative lifetime occupational radiation dose was estimated by combining pre-2011 individual dose records from a nationwide nuclear radiation worker dose registry with radiation doses received during the 2011 emergency-work period. Self-reported, physician-diagnosed cataract was identified through baseline and first follow-up questionnaires. A Cox proportional hazards model was applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident cataract, with adjustments for major covariates.
RESULTS: More than 90% of the participants had cumulative occupational radiation exposure of <100 mSv, including doses received both prior to the accident and during the emergency period (March-November 2011). During 52 921 person-years of follow-up from 2012 to 2024 (mean, 9.2 years), 310 participants reported new-onset cataract. The risk of cataract increased with lifetime occupational exposure up to November 2011, with an HR of 1.03 per 10-mSv increase (95% CI, 1.02, 1.05). This association persisted after excluding participants with doses of ≥100 mSv. For exposure during the emergency period (March-November 2011), the HR was 1.06 per 10-mSv increase (95% CI, 1.03, 1.09). When the cumulative lifetime occupational radiation dose was recalculated by using 2-year and 5-year lag periods before diagnosis or censoring, the HRs per 10-mSv increase were 1.03 (95% CI, 1.01, 1.04) and 1.01 (95% CI, 0.99, 1.04), respectively.
CONCLUSION: This study suggests an excess risk of cataract at doses of <100 mSv and adds to the evidence base suggesting an association between low-dose occupational radiation exposure and cataract risk.