Ubiquitous regulation of cerebrovascular diseases by ubiquitin-modifying enzymes.

Cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major threat to global health. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathology of CVDs is critical for the development of efficacious preventative and therapeutic approaches. Accumulating studies have highlighted the significance of ubiquitin-modifying enzymes (UMEs) in the regulation of CVDs. UMEs are a group of enzymes that orchestrate ubiquitination, a post-translational modification tightly involved in CVDs. Functionally, UMEs regulate multiple pathological processes in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, moyamoya disease, and atherosclerosis. Considering the important roles of UMEs in CVDs, they may become novel druggable targets for these diseases. Besides, techniques applying UMEs, such as proteolysis-targeting chimera and deubiquitinase-targeting chimera, may also revolutionize the therapy of CVDs in the future.