Hepatorenal Syndrome: From the Beginning to Now.

Cirrhosis is a complex disease and has devastating effects on the liver. People living with the condition are at risk for many complications such as hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). If diagnosed with this condition, the prognosis is often poor. Therefore, it is imperative that treating providers are aware of the symptoms and methods to either prevent or adequately treat the syndrome. Timely referral, prevention, early recognition, and initiation of treatment are key components for prevention or improving the prognosis for HRS. Excluding potentially contributing factors and/or conditions is also vitally important for diagnostic purposes. Comorbid conditions may be present and further complicate diagnosis. Fluid volume replacement, administration of albumin, and vasoconstrictors as warranted are important for improving the hemodynamic status and potential reversal of HRS-acute kidney injury (HRS-AKI).