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Implanting phakic IOLs (PIOLs) in phakic eyes is regarded as an established option in refractive surgery for many years when treating high myopia, hyperopia or ametropia. Even for eyes which show a combination of refractive errors (including astigmatism) this can be an appropriate option. The surgery itself requires certain anatomical and refractive requirements, since, as with any intraocular procedure, there are different possibilities of complication depending on the chosen IOL. Therefore, any potential candidate for refractive surgery should be treated in accordance with the current recommendations of the German "Commission Refractive Surgery" (KRC) to achieve the best possible refractive outcome with maximum safety for patient and surgeon.This article will present the current options for surgery and IOLs with special focus on possibilities and limitations.