Cognitive-Developmental Mechanisms in Hallucinations.

Hallucinations figure prominently in a range of psychiatric disorders but, to date, their developmental origins are not well understood. The aim of the present article is to explore how ideas from mainstream developmental psychology can enhance understanding of how hallucinations develop in different modalities across the lifecourse. Hallucinations vary in their clinical significance depending on at what point they occur in the lifetime of the individual. Key cognitive-developmental processes include engaging with imaginary entities, exposure to adverse events, executive functioning, social cognition, and language development. The presentation of hallucinations in certain developmental conditions suggest that atypical developmental trajectories can also play a key role in shaping hallucination prevalence and phenomenology. In considering prospects for future research at this interface, we propose that two-way benefits may result from further close integration between developmental and psychiatric approaches to hallucinations.