International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026
Two-case cluster of rapidly progressive influenza B and Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia with one death.
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Zheng Caopei, Zhang Yulin, Wang Yu, Sun Yuqing, Wei Feili, Zhang Yuening, Ma Yingmin, Cai Miaotian
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: To report a cluster of two epidemiologically linked construction workers with fulminant necrotizing pneumonia associated with co-infection by Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and influenza B virus.
METHODS: Clinical characteristics, imaging findings, and microbiological results were retrospectively reviewed. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) was performed on sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after conventional diagnostic tests failed to identify the causative pathogens.
RESULTS: Following shared occupational exposure, both patients developed severe pneumonia. One patient experienced rapid progression and died. For the second patient, mNGS successfully identified co-infection with PVL-positive sequence type 22 MSSA and influenza B virus, prompting a timely shift to targeted antimicrobial therapy that led to survival after prolonged intensive care.
CONCLUSION: This report demonstrates the extreme virulence of PVL-positive MSSA-influenza co-infection, highlights the diagnostic value of mNGS in severe treatment-refractory pneumonia, and emphasizes the need for effective respiratory protection in high-risk occupational environments.
METHODS: Clinical characteristics, imaging findings, and microbiological results were retrospectively reviewed. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) was performed on sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after conventional diagnostic tests failed to identify the causative pathogens.
RESULTS: Following shared occupational exposure, both patients developed severe pneumonia. One patient experienced rapid progression and died. For the second patient, mNGS successfully identified co-infection with PVL-positive sequence type 22 MSSA and influenza B virus, prompting a timely shift to targeted antimicrobial therapy that led to survival after prolonged intensive care.
CONCLUSION: This report demonstrates the extreme virulence of PVL-positive MSSA-influenza co-infection, highlights the diagnostic value of mNGS in severe treatment-refractory pneumonia, and emphasizes the need for effective respiratory protection in high-risk occupational environments.