New approaches to endoscopic therapy for a haemostasis upper GI bleed.

Haematemesis and/or melaena are the most common presentations of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopic haemostasis after diagnosis still remains a challenge to the gastroenterologist. Most variceal and peptic ulcer bleeding episodes stop spontaneously, and then prevention of rebleeding might be indicated by endoscopic techniques. In the present article, four less well-known endoscopic haemostasis techniques are discussed and, if available, comparative studies are reviewed.