BJPsych open · 2026
The roles of dysfunctional attitudes, rumination and mind-wandering in emotional and non-emotional memory of university students in China.
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Chen Yafei, Yang Yumeng, Wei Xiaozhu, Ren Yifei, Zhou Zhiruo, Ke Chunxi, Ou Wenwen, Tan Shenglan, Ju Yumeng
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Memory deficits are among the key risk factors in mental health problems, and are associated with dysfunctional cognitive factors.
AIMS: The present study explored the relations between dysfunctional attitudes, rumination and mind-wandering, and emotional and non-emotional memory, respectively, aiming to inform the mechanism underlying the negative association of these cognitive factors with memory.
METHOD: A total of 123 undergraduate university students completed self-report measurements, including Dysfunctional Attitude Scale Form A, Rumination Responses Scale, Mind Wandering Frequency Scale and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Additionally, they were invited to participate in an experiment consisting of two tasks (n = 111 completed the task for emotional memory and n = 110 for non-emotional memory). Pearson correlation analysis and a linear regression model examined the relationship between cognitive factors and memory performance.
RESULTS: Based on correlational analyses, rumination, dysfunctional attitudes and depression are negatively correlated with the accuracy of negative emotional face memory (emotional memory, all P<0.05). The regression models suggest that dysfunctional attitude significantly predicts the accuracy of negative face memory (β = -0.205, P = 0.037). Digit memory accuracy (non-emotional memory) was associated with rumination and mind-wandering (all P<0.05), in which rumination was the significant predictor of accuracy (β = -0.231, P = 0.021).
CONCLUSIONS: The study indicated that dysfunctional attitudes are related mostly to negative emotional memories, and that rumination is mostly associated with non-emotional memories. Dysfunctional attitude and rumination represent potential treatment targets for emotional and non-emotional memory deficits, respectively, related to psychopathology.
AIMS: The present study explored the relations between dysfunctional attitudes, rumination and mind-wandering, and emotional and non-emotional memory, respectively, aiming to inform the mechanism underlying the negative association of these cognitive factors with memory.
METHOD: A total of 123 undergraduate university students completed self-report measurements, including Dysfunctional Attitude Scale Form A, Rumination Responses Scale, Mind Wandering Frequency Scale and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Additionally, they were invited to participate in an experiment consisting of two tasks (n = 111 completed the task for emotional memory and n = 110 for non-emotional memory). Pearson correlation analysis and a linear regression model examined the relationship between cognitive factors and memory performance.
RESULTS: Based on correlational analyses, rumination, dysfunctional attitudes and depression are negatively correlated with the accuracy of negative emotional face memory (emotional memory, all P<0.05). The regression models suggest that dysfunctional attitude significantly predicts the accuracy of negative face memory (β = -0.205, P = 0.037). Digit memory accuracy (non-emotional memory) was associated with rumination and mind-wandering (all P<0.05), in which rumination was the significant predictor of accuracy (β = -0.231, P = 0.021).
CONCLUSIONS: The study indicated that dysfunctional attitudes are related mostly to negative emotional memories, and that rumination is mostly associated with non-emotional memories. Dysfunctional attitude and rumination represent potential treatment targets for emotional and non-emotional memory deficits, respectively, related to psychopathology.