Adam Politzer (1835-1920) and the description of otosclerosis.

In 1893, Adam Politzer was the first to describe otosclerosis as a specific disease fixating the stapes. The aim of this study is to follow Politzer's research to understand how he finally explained the mechanism responsible for the fixation of the stapes. Politzer conducted his preliminary research from 1862 to 1893. From the concept of a dry catarrh of the middle ear, the fixation of the stapes became progressively associated with a specific ossification in and around the footplate. Politzer presented his first results in 1893. He completed his research by concluding in 1901 that otosclerosis had become an independent disease and should have the right to its own chapter in otologic books. He selected the word otosclerosis to describe this new pathologic entity.