Association between matrix metalloproteinase-3 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to chronic periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to explore the correlation between the Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) 1171 5A/6A gene polymorphism and susceptibility to Chronic Periodontitis (CP).

METHODS

Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) without any time or language limitations. The selection criteria included case-control studies examining the association between the MMP-3 gene polymorphism and CP. The data were independently extracted and cross-checked by two reviewers. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of the studies. Statistical heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed.

RESULTS

Five studies, published between 2004 and 2019, met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. No significant association was observed between MMP-3 gene polymorphism and CP susceptibility across all subjects in the four gene models. However, subgroup analysis revealed significant differences based on genotyping methods and smoking habits. Using PCR-RFLP genotyping method, the allele and additive models showed a positive correlation with the risk of CP (5A vs 6A, OR=1.12, 95%CI (1.02č 1.23); 5A5A vs 6A6A, OR=2.85, 95%CI (1.61č4.86)). In contrast, using Sanger sequencing method, the 5A mutation appeared to reduce CP susceptibility (5A vs 6A, OR=0.77, 95%CI (0.67č0.87); 5A5A vs 6A6A, OR= 0.20, 95%CI (0.09č0.42)). Moreover, smoking habits appeared to modulate the risk. Among smokers, the 5A mutation increased susceptibility to CP, while among nonsmokers it decreased.

CONCLUSIONS

While no significant correlation was found in the overall population, the stratified analysis revealed nuanced relationships contingent on genotyping methods and smoking habits.