Psychiatry research · 2025
Investigating the longitudinal relationship between Vitamin D levels, sleep duration, and dementia risk: insights from the UK Biobank.
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Zhou Jingcheng, Huang Ninghao, Huang Tao, Ma Jiahui
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD), presents a growing global burden. Modifiable risk factors, including vitamin D levels and sleep duration, have been implicated, but their associations with dementia risk remain unclear.
METHODS: We analyzed data from the UK Biobank, a prospective cohort of over 500,000 individuals aged 40-69 years. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and self-reported sleep duration were categorized into three groups each: <25, ≥25 to <50, and ≥50 nmol/L for vitamin D; <6, ≥6 to <9, and ≥9 h for sleep. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the independent and joint effects of vitamin D and sleep duration on incident dementia, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and medical confounders.
RESULTS: A significant interaction between low vitamin D levels and abnormal sleep duration was observed. Individuals with 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L and either short (<6 h) or long (≥9 h) sleep had the highest risk for all-cause dementia, AD, and VD. However, low vitamin D alone was not independently associated with dementia over 20 years of follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies a synergistic effect between vitamin D deficiency and atypical sleep duration on dementia risk. Addressing both factors may enhance prevention strategies. These findings support the need for further trials to evaluate causal relationships and intervention efficacy.
METHODS: We analyzed data from the UK Biobank, a prospective cohort of over 500,000 individuals aged 40-69 years. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and self-reported sleep duration were categorized into three groups each: <25, ≥25 to <50, and ≥50 nmol/L for vitamin D; <6, ≥6 to <9, and ≥9 h for sleep. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the independent and joint effects of vitamin D and sleep duration on incident dementia, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and medical confounders.
RESULTS: A significant interaction between low vitamin D levels and abnormal sleep duration was observed. Individuals with 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L and either short (<6 h) or long (≥9 h) sleep had the highest risk for all-cause dementia, AD, and VD. However, low vitamin D alone was not independently associated with dementia over 20 years of follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies a synergistic effect between vitamin D deficiency and atypical sleep duration on dementia risk. Addressing both factors may enhance prevention strategies. These findings support the need for further trials to evaluate causal relationships and intervention efficacy.