Surgical management of sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP) secondary to tuberculosis: A case report and review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION

Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP), commonly known as abdominal cocoon syndrome (ACS), is considered one of the rare causes of bowel obstruction [1].

CASE PRESENTATION: In this article, we report the case of a 20-year-old male patient with a 6-month history of recurrent colicky right-sided upper abdominal pain accompanied by nausea, vomiting and bloating, which gradually increased in severity and frequency. The contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography suggested a small bowel obstruction with a differential diagnosis of SEP. Later exploratory laparotomy and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of ACS. Intraoperative adhesiolysis was performed and the patient's symptoms resolved.

DISCUSSION: This syndrome is characterised by the formation of a fibrous-collagenous membrane that partially or completely engulfs the small intestine, less commonly the colon and other abdominal organs. SEP is most commonly associated with long-term peritoneal dialysis, although drugs, peritoneal infection and systemic inflammatory disorders have been implicated. Patients often present with symptoms of partial bowel obstruction, which is difficult to diagnose before laparotomy. Of the available investigations, contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen is the most sensitive, showing a fibrous sac-like membrane covering the intestinal loops and the fluid collection. Definitive treatment includes excision and adhesiolysis.

CONCLUSION

This article presents a rare case and focuses on the management of this pathology with a review of the literature.