Recent Advances in Neoadjuvant Treatment of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Narrative Review.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a highly aggressive malignancy characterized by rapid progression, restricted therapeutic options, and dismal prognosis. Conventional therapeutic modalities demonstrate limited efficacy, especially for unresectable or metastatic cases. Recent advancements in molecular profiling have revolutionized ATC management, facilitating the development of novel targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and multimodal regimens. Growing clinical evidence indicates these innovative approaches may enhance locoregional control, increase surgical candidacy in select patients, and extend overall survival. Incorporating molecular-guided therapies into multidisciplinary care is fundamentally transforming ATC management. Nevertheless, therapeutic resistance, intratumoral heterogeneity, and the paucity of large-scale prospective trials remain major obstacles. Future efforts should focus on optimizing combinatorial strategies and developing robust biomarker-driven algorithms to improve clinical outcomes in ATC.