IJID regions · 2026
Investigating Candida species and associated bacteria from vaginal swabs and smears of symptomatic and asymptomatic adult women: A cross-sectional study.
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Mphande-Nyasulu Fingani Annie, Meksang Suchanun, Noranate Nitchakarn, Kongpanyakul Salisa, Kulalert Paveenuch, Nilchan Pawatsan, Trivijitsilp Prasert
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: Vaginal Candida infections are common among women, affecting between 75% and 80% of women in their lifetime, with a higher prevalence in women of childbearing age. This study assessed vaginal carriage of Candida species and associated bacteria in adult women.
METHODS: A total of 101 vaginal swabs and smears from symptomatic and asymptomatic adult women were analyzed for the presence of Candida sp. using culture, Gram stain, and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Morphology of selected Candida sp. was examined using scanning electron microscopy.
RESULTS: Candida colonization was observed in 39.6% (40 of 101) of the women. Candida albicans was identified in 75.0% (30 of 40) of the women, whereas the non-albicans species Nakaseomyces glabrata was observed in 7.5% (three of 40), P. kudriavzevii in 5% (two of 40), and C. tropicalis in 2.5% (one of 40). Women aged 18-25 years had the highest prevalence of colonization among all age groups, 47.5% (19 of 40). A significant difference in vaginal bacterial composition was observed among age groups 18-25 and 26-35 years (α 0.05 <0.038*, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.16 to 0.99); between women positive for Candida aged 26-35 years and those aged 46-55 years (α 0.05 <0.016*, 95% CI -0.28 to -0.03); and between women who were Candida-positive and those who were Candida-negative (α 0.05 <0.016*, 95% CI 0.17 to -0.40). Among the women positive for Candida, symptomatic individuals had predominantly Gram-positive bacterial species 92.6% (23 of 25) compared with 46% (19 of 42) in asymptomatic individuals. Five bacterial species were shared between the symptomatic and asymptomatic samples. Unique budding patterns, surface modifications, and phylogenetic clusters are reported.
CONCLUSION: Vaginal Candida colonization including differences in microbiome composition according to age, disease status, and colonizing Candida species are reported. This study opens new areas of study in vaginal Candida colonization, pathogen-pathogen interaction, and microbiome analysis in more specific age brackets, away from the traditional pre-menopausal and menopausal women.
METHODS: A total of 101 vaginal swabs and smears from symptomatic and asymptomatic adult women were analyzed for the presence of Candida sp. using culture, Gram stain, and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Morphology of selected Candida sp. was examined using scanning electron microscopy.
RESULTS: Candida colonization was observed in 39.6% (40 of 101) of the women. Candida albicans was identified in 75.0% (30 of 40) of the women, whereas the non-albicans species Nakaseomyces glabrata was observed in 7.5% (three of 40), P. kudriavzevii in 5% (two of 40), and C. tropicalis in 2.5% (one of 40). Women aged 18-25 years had the highest prevalence of colonization among all age groups, 47.5% (19 of 40). A significant difference in vaginal bacterial composition was observed among age groups 18-25 and 26-35 years (α 0.05 <0.038*, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.16 to 0.99); between women positive for Candida aged 26-35 years and those aged 46-55 years (α 0.05 <0.016*, 95% CI -0.28 to -0.03); and between women who were Candida-positive and those who were Candida-negative (α 0.05 <0.016*, 95% CI 0.17 to -0.40). Among the women positive for Candida, symptomatic individuals had predominantly Gram-positive bacterial species 92.6% (23 of 25) compared with 46% (19 of 42) in asymptomatic individuals. Five bacterial species were shared between the symptomatic and asymptomatic samples. Unique budding patterns, surface modifications, and phylogenetic clusters are reported.
CONCLUSION: Vaginal Candida colonization including differences in microbiome composition according to age, disease status, and colonizing Candida species are reported. This study opens new areas of study in vaginal Candida colonization, pathogen-pathogen interaction, and microbiome analysis in more specific age brackets, away from the traditional pre-menopausal and menopausal women.