Archives of oral biology · 2026
Lippia sidoides essential oil against Candida auris and Candida albicans - A promising strategy for antifungal activity in the context of oral candidiasis.
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Araujo Gleycyelly Rodrigues, Jesus Isabel Cristina Torres Rodrigues de, Costa Palloma Christine Queiroga Gomes da, Marques Karinne Kelly Gadelha, Gonçalves Juan Carlos Ramos, Castro Ricardo Dias de
Аннотация
UNLABELLED: The emergence of multidrug-resistant Candida highlights a pressing threat to global public health.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in vitro the antifungal activity, mechanism of action, drug association, and anti-biofilm effect of the essential oil of Lippia sidoides Cham. (EO-LS) against Candida albicans and Candida auris.
DESIGN: EO-LS was extracted, and its chemical profile was determined by GC-MS. Assays were performed to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC), mechanism of action, drug interaction with nystatin and ketoconazole, time-kill kinetics, and biofilm inhibition by confocal microscopy.
RESULTS: The compound exhibited fungicidal activity, with MIC and MFC values of 125 µg/mL against C. albicans and 62.5 µg/mL against C. auris. The exogenous ergosterol assay indicated that EO-LS exerts antifungal activity by interfering with fungal plasma membrane functions. The combination of EO-LS with ketoconazole demonstrated pharmacological synergism, while its combination with nystatin resulted in an antagonistic effect. EO-LS significantly inhibited fungal growth (p < 0.005) and promoted a marked reduction of mature C. auris biofilm at a concentration of 125 µg/mL (p < 0.0001), as confirmed by confocal microscopy imaging.
CONCLUSION: The essential oil of Lippia sidoides exhibits antifungal activity against Candida spp., including C. auris, likely through an action on the cell membrane, and shows potential as an anti-biofilm agent with pharmacological synergism when combined with ketoconazole.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in vitro the antifungal activity, mechanism of action, drug association, and anti-biofilm effect of the essential oil of Lippia sidoides Cham. (EO-LS) against Candida albicans and Candida auris.
DESIGN: EO-LS was extracted, and its chemical profile was determined by GC-MS. Assays were performed to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC), mechanism of action, drug interaction with nystatin and ketoconazole, time-kill kinetics, and biofilm inhibition by confocal microscopy.
RESULTS: The compound exhibited fungicidal activity, with MIC and MFC values of 125 µg/mL against C. albicans and 62.5 µg/mL against C. auris. The exogenous ergosterol assay indicated that EO-LS exerts antifungal activity by interfering with fungal plasma membrane functions. The combination of EO-LS with ketoconazole demonstrated pharmacological synergism, while its combination with nystatin resulted in an antagonistic effect. EO-LS significantly inhibited fungal growth (p < 0.005) and promoted a marked reduction of mature C. auris biofilm at a concentration of 125 µg/mL (p < 0.0001), as confirmed by confocal microscopy imaging.
CONCLUSION: The essential oil of Lippia sidoides exhibits antifungal activity against Candida spp., including C. auris, likely through an action on the cell membrane, and shows potential as an anti-biofilm agent with pharmacological synergism when combined with ketoconazole.