Frontiers in microbiology · 2026
Genomic characterization of antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and transmission of non-typhoidal Salmonella from retail red meat in Hunan, China.
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Chen Shuai, Ma Yating, Zhang Wansi, Lai Tianbing, Zhang Linqing, Yuan Qing, Zhan Zhifei, Liu Fang
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen frequently transmitted via retail meat. This study comprehensively characterized the genomic features of non-typhoidal Salmonella from retail red meat in Hunan, China, including antimicrobial resistance, virulence determinants, and transmission patterns.
METHODS: We characterized 147 Salmonella isolates from retail red meat (pork, beef, and mutton) collected in Hunan, China (2021 and 2023) using whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing to investigate their resistance and genomic characteristics.
RESULTS: High resistance rates were observed: 115 isolates (78.2%) were resistant to at least one agent, and 92 (62.6%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR). The predominant serotypes were Salmonella London (25.2%) and S. Typhimurium (24.5%). Critically, the 16S rRNA methyltransferase gene rmtB was identified in three isolates (2.0%)-the only amikacin-resistant isolates. The extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) gene bla CTX-M-55 was detected in six isolates (4.1%), and plasmid-mediated AmpC genes (bla CMY-2/bla DHA-1) in three (2.0%). Of major concern, the complete typhoid toxin gene cluster (cdtB, pltA, pltB) was identified in 14 non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) isolates (9.5%) across diverse serotypes. Core-genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) revealed 22 genomic clusters, demonstrating multi-level transmission from regional sources to local outbreaks.
DISCUSSION: These findings highlight the emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella clones carrying clinically significant resistance and virulence determinants in retail red meat, underscoring the need for enhanced food chain surveillance.
METHODS: We characterized 147 Salmonella isolates from retail red meat (pork, beef, and mutton) collected in Hunan, China (2021 and 2023) using whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing to investigate their resistance and genomic characteristics.
RESULTS: High resistance rates were observed: 115 isolates (78.2%) were resistant to at least one agent, and 92 (62.6%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR). The predominant serotypes were Salmonella London (25.2%) and S. Typhimurium (24.5%). Critically, the 16S rRNA methyltransferase gene rmtB was identified in three isolates (2.0%)-the only amikacin-resistant isolates. The extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) gene bla CTX-M-55 was detected in six isolates (4.1%), and plasmid-mediated AmpC genes (bla CMY-2/bla DHA-1) in three (2.0%). Of major concern, the complete typhoid toxin gene cluster (cdtB, pltA, pltB) was identified in 14 non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) isolates (9.5%) across diverse serotypes. Core-genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) revealed 22 genomic clusters, demonstrating multi-level transmission from regional sources to local outbreaks.
DISCUSSION: These findings highlight the emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella clones carrying clinically significant resistance and virulence determinants in retail red meat, underscoring the need for enhanced food chain surveillance.