Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2026
Frequency and comorbidities of age-related macular degeneration in KSA: A retrospective multiregional study.
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Sannan Naif S, Ramadan Majed, Malli Israa, Ishgi Lian, Al Johani Reem, Abualjamal Rena
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss in the elderly. In this study, we characterized the frequency of AMD and its comorbidities in understudied regions.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical records from tertiary care hospitals in KSA (2016-2022). Patients aged ≥40 years with a confirmed AMD diagnosis were included. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed, including comorbidities. Logistic regression analyses were performed.
RESULTS: Among the 335 patients diagnosed, 66.9% had the exudative form and 33.1% had the non-exudative form. The cohort had a mean age of 71.17 ± 10.12 years, and there was no significant difference in age between AMD subtypes (p = 0.29). High prevalences of diabetes (66.3%) and hypertension (65.1%) were observed. Estimation of annual case counts revealed a significant temporal variation in diagnosed AMD cases, peaking in 2019 and increasing again by 2021-2022. Logistic regression identified female gender (Exp(B) = 1.03; p = 0.009) and age at diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (Exp(B) = 0.93; p < 0.001) as significant predictors of age at AMD onset. Diabetes mellitus was independently associated with later AMD diagnosis (Exp(B) = 1.03; p = 0.02). Conversely, stroke history was linked to earlier AMD onset (Exp(B) = 0.94; p = 0.002). Other comorbidities, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, and heart failure, had no significant associations.
CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight the burden of AMD and its comorbidities in KSA. Diabetes and stroke are key predictors, demonstrating the need for integrated chronic disease management strategies.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical records from tertiary care hospitals in KSA (2016-2022). Patients aged ≥40 years with a confirmed AMD diagnosis were included. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed, including comorbidities. Logistic regression analyses were performed.
RESULTS: Among the 335 patients diagnosed, 66.9% had the exudative form and 33.1% had the non-exudative form. The cohort had a mean age of 71.17 ± 10.12 years, and there was no significant difference in age between AMD subtypes (p = 0.29). High prevalences of diabetes (66.3%) and hypertension (65.1%) were observed. Estimation of annual case counts revealed a significant temporal variation in diagnosed AMD cases, peaking in 2019 and increasing again by 2021-2022. Logistic regression identified female gender (Exp(B) = 1.03; p = 0.009) and age at diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (Exp(B) = 0.93; p < 0.001) as significant predictors of age at AMD onset. Diabetes mellitus was independently associated with later AMD diagnosis (Exp(B) = 1.03; p = 0.02). Conversely, stroke history was linked to earlier AMD onset (Exp(B) = 0.94; p = 0.002). Other comorbidities, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, and heart failure, had no significant associations.
CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight the burden of AMD and its comorbidities in KSA. Diabetes and stroke are key predictors, demonstrating the need for integrated chronic disease management strategies.