[Update on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].

In Europe, the term 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy' (HCM) encompasses both primary, genetic forms and secondary, acquired forms. If echocardiography confirms wall thickening of the left ventricle without a clear connection to pathological stress conditions, a targeted differential diagnosis should be performed. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging plays a key role in definitive diagnosis. Genetic testing should also be considered for many forms of HCM, especially for the common primary HCM. Stratification with regard to arrhythmia risk is mandatory for all patients with primary HCM. Symptomatic treatment is available, particularly in cases of relevant obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract, in the form of catheter ablation or pharmacotherapy with myosin inhibitors. Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy, the most common secondary form, can be treated specifically after exclusion of amyloid light-chain amyloidosis.