The Effect of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Its Therapy on Salivary Caries Risk Factors-An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Pilot Study.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) and its treatment with cyclosporine and extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) on salivary caries risk factors. Methods: In this exploratory single-centre cross-sectional pilot study, saliva samples from 22 cGVHD patients were analysed for flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, and counts of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. A detailed dental examination assessed plaque, carious lesions, and their progression. Caries risk was determined based on general health and diet questionnaires and clinical findings. Results: Patients receiving a combination of cyclosporine and ECP had significantly fewer carious teeth, affected tooth surfaces, and non-cavitated carious lesions compared with those treated with ECP alone (Bonferroni test, p = 0.004, p = 0.002, and p < 0.001, respectively). Patients treated with ECP had more carious teeth and affected surfaces than those who did not receive either ECP or cyclosporine (p = 0.008 and p = 0.002), whereas patients treated with cyclosporine only had more non-cavitated lesions than those receiving both cyclosporine and ECP (p < 0.001). A negative correlation was observed between cyclosporine dose and stimulated salivary flow (R = -0.672, p = 0.0486), and a positive correlation between cyclosporine dose and caries risk (R = 0.640, p = 0.0461). Conclusions: The disease and its treatment were associated with reduced salivary flow and increased caries risk. Patients' oral health should be monitored regularly and managed with care to prevent further deterioration.