Journal of affective disorders · 2026
The impact of physical multimorbidity on common mental disorders and the role of loneliness and social support: A three-year follow-up study.
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Zhang Zedan, Domènech-Abella Joan, Rodeiro-Boliart Jordi, Gete-Alejandro Ingrid, Ayuso-Mateos José Luis, Miret Marta, Pérez Elvira Lara, Godino-Cruz Jesus, Haro Josep Maria, Olaya Beatriz
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: This research aimed to examine: (1) the role of chronic physical multimorbidity as a risk factor for common mental disorders, (2) the mediating effects of social support and loneliness on the relationship between physical multimorbidity and common mental disorders, and (3) the association between mediating factors (social support and loneliness) and common mental disorders, as well as potential moderating effects among them in this association.
METHODS: A total of 1380 individuals aged 18 and above were interviewed on two occasions between 2019 and 2024. Common mental disorders were evaluated using an adapted version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Physical multimorbidity was identified using the Functional Comorbidity Index. Loneliness was evaluated using the Three-Item Loneliness Scale. The Oslo Social Support Scale was used to assess social support. Logistic regression models, including mediation and moderation analysis, were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS: Both physical multimorbidity and loneliness were longitudinally associated with common mental disorders. Loneliness and social support mediated the relationship between physical multimorbidity and mental disorders, accounting for 9.75% and 3.05% of the effect, respectively. The association between loneliness and common mental disorders was moderated by social support, with the impact of loneliness on common mental disorders being stronger in those with poor social support.
CONCLUSION: Improving social support to relieve loneliness might result in a decline in the prevalence of common mental disorders in people with chronic physical conditions.
METHODS: A total of 1380 individuals aged 18 and above were interviewed on two occasions between 2019 and 2024. Common mental disorders were evaluated using an adapted version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Physical multimorbidity was identified using the Functional Comorbidity Index. Loneliness was evaluated using the Three-Item Loneliness Scale. The Oslo Social Support Scale was used to assess social support. Logistic regression models, including mediation and moderation analysis, were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS: Both physical multimorbidity and loneliness were longitudinally associated with common mental disorders. Loneliness and social support mediated the relationship between physical multimorbidity and mental disorders, accounting for 9.75% and 3.05% of the effect, respectively. The association between loneliness and common mental disorders was moderated by social support, with the impact of loneliness on common mental disorders being stronger in those with poor social support.
CONCLUSION: Improving social support to relieve loneliness might result in a decline in the prevalence of common mental disorders in people with chronic physical conditions.