Updating the classification and routine diagnosis of NSAID hypersensitivity reactions: A WAO Statement.
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Romano Antonino, Valluzzi Rocco L, Alvarez-Cuesta Emilio, Ansotegui Ignacio, Asero Riccardo, Barbaud Annick, Bartra Joan, Bavbek Sevim, Cahill Katherine N, Demoly Pascal, Doña Inmaculada, Guzmán Meléndez María A, Kidon Mona, Li Lily, Madrigal-Burgaleta Ricardo, Makowska Joanna S, Park Hae-Sim, Picado César, Sanak Marek, Taniguchi Masami, White Andrew A, Steering Committee Authors, Atanaskovic-Markovic Marina, Attanasi Marina, Aun Marcelo Vivolo, Berges-Gimeno Maria Pilar, Bernal-Rubio Lorena, Brockow Knut, Bustamante Lucrecia, Caffarelli Carlo, Chang Yoon-Seok, Chikhladze Manana, Ensina Luis Felipe, Fernandes Bryan N, Garvey Lene Heise, Giavina-Bianchi Pedro, Gómes Eva, Kuyucu Semanur, Labella Marina, Mayorga Cristobalina, Mori Francesca, Pagani Mauro, Palma-Pino Valeria, Parisi Claudio, Phillips Elizabeth, Powell Elizabeth, Ramien Michelle, Savic Louise, Solano-Solares Emilio, Tanno Luciana Kase, Vazquez-Revuelta Paula, Watts Timothy, Yamaguchi Masao, Review Panel Members
Аннотация
Hypersensitivity reactions to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been classified as immediate (or acute) and delayed. Immediate reactions can be further classified into 4 clinical types: NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD), NSAID-exacerbated cutaneous disease (NECD), NSAID-induced urticaria/angioedema (NIUA), and single NSAID-induced urticaria/angioedema/anaphylaxis (SNIUAA). Specifically, the NIUA type references reactions to ≥2 NSAIDs belonging to different chemical groups, involving urticaria and/or angioedema in patients with no underlying chronic spontaneous urticaria. However, there are patients meeting cross-reactive criteria for NIUA phenotype who report reactions that involve 2 organ systems (eg, cutaneous and respiratory; cutaneous and gastrointestinal) and have been termed "blended". In pediatrics, this type of reaction is recognized and has been termed NSAID-induced urticaria/angioedema/anaphylaxis (NIUAA), an acronym we suggest be extended now to adults. There are small subgroups of N-ERD patients who also report skin symptoms and, alternatively, NECD patients who report respiratory symptoms. These 2 subgroups could be diagnosed as having mixed N-ERD and mixed NECD, respectively. In fact, they are patients suffering from N-ERD or NECD who have had reactions consistent with anaphylaxis. In the current classifications of NSAID hypersensitivity, the reactions in which NSAIDs act as aggravating factors or cofactors in subjects with sensitization to foods are not included. Recently, this type of reactions has been defined as NSAID-exacerbated food allergy (NEFA) and NSAID-induced food allergy (NIFA), respectively. This Statement of the World Allergy Organization (WAO) aims to update both the classification of hypersensitivity reactions to NSAIDs and their diagnosis, addressing the novel issues.