Network Meta-analysis of the Efficacy of Different Music Therapy Interventions for Delirium in Adult Intensive Care Unit Patients.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Delirium is common in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients and is associated with worse outcomes. Music-based interventions are increasingly used, but the relative effectiveness of different programs remains unclear. We conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare multiple music therapy interventions for ICU delirium.

DATA SOURCES: We searched major Chinese and English databases (e.g., CNKI, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library) from inception to 21 August 2025.

STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials comparing music-based interventions with usual care (UC) in adults (≥18 years) in the ICU were eligible. Interventions were categorized as simple music (SM) therapy, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) five-element music, family voice stimulation combined with music (FS), and combined music (CM) therapy (music combined with another nonpharmacological component).

DATA SYNTHESIS: A frequentist random-effects NMA (R, netmeta) was performed. Compared with UC, all music-based interventions were associated with a reduced delirium incidence [CM: Risk ratio (RR) = 0.43; TCM: RR = 0.45; FS: RR = 0.48; SM: RR = 0.51]. For delirium duration, CM [mean difference (MD) = -3.21 days] and TCM (MD = -2.89 days) showed statistically significant reductions, whereas SM and FS did not. The network ranking suggested CM had the highest probability of benefit; however, between-intervention differences were mainly supported by indirect comparisons and small trials. Heterogeneity and potential small-study effects were observed.

CONCLUSION

Music-based interventions may reduce ICU delirium incidence, and some programs may shorten delirium duration. Because evidence is limited by heterogeneity, possible publication bias, and a paucity of head-to-head trials, rankings should be interpreted cautiously. Well-designed, multicenter RCTs with standardized protocols are needed before firm recommendations can be made.

HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Hao Y, Song R, Wang A. Network Meta-analysis of the Efficacy of Different Music Therapy Interventions for Delirium in Adult Intensive Care Unit Patients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2026;30(4):335-343.