Frontiers in nutrition · 2026
The association of communal vs. solitary dining on nutritional intake and depression risk in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Zhang Yingying, Zhang Yaqun, Cai Jianzheng, Yu Weixia, Feng Ping, Wang Haifang
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Global population aging and the transition toward empty-nest households have sharply increased solitary dining. This change in meal pattern is a key concern in geriatric health.
OBJECTIVE: To quantify the differences in dietary intake and depression risk between communal and solitary dining among community-dwelling older adults.
METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, we synthesized evidence from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library from database inception through December 2025. Effect sizes were pooled using random-effects models. The PROSPERO registration of this systematic review and meta-analysis is CRD420251177507.
RESULTS: Of 12,088 records screened, 21 studies were included (11 Japan, 4 South Korea, 3 USA, 1 UK, 1 China, 1 Brazil, 1 Sweden; 16 high-quality, 5 moderate-quality per AHRQ). Compared to solitary dining, commensality is significantly associated with higher total energy intake (MD = 109.51 kcal, 17.39-201.62; P = 0.047), dietary fat intake (MD = 4.07 g, 95% CI 0.14-7.99, P = 0.0489), and meat/seafood consumption (MD = 21.28 g, 95% CI 2.27-40.29, P = 0.011). Solitary dining is a potent risk factor for depression (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.33-1.87, P < 0.001). Across mealtimes, the highest depression risk is associated with solitary dinner (OR = 2.13, 1.57-2.89, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Communal dining is associated with a reduced risk of nutritional inadequacy and psychological distress through integrated mechanisms of social engagement and dietary diversification. Our findings support the inclusion of commensality as a strategic, non-pharmacological component in global geriatric health policy.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251177507, identifier: CRD420251177507.
OBJECTIVE: To quantify the differences in dietary intake and depression risk between communal and solitary dining among community-dwelling older adults.
METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, we synthesized evidence from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library from database inception through December 2025. Effect sizes were pooled using random-effects models. The PROSPERO registration of this systematic review and meta-analysis is CRD420251177507.
RESULTS: Of 12,088 records screened, 21 studies were included (11 Japan, 4 South Korea, 3 USA, 1 UK, 1 China, 1 Brazil, 1 Sweden; 16 high-quality, 5 moderate-quality per AHRQ). Compared to solitary dining, commensality is significantly associated with higher total energy intake (MD = 109.51 kcal, 17.39-201.62; P = 0.047), dietary fat intake (MD = 4.07 g, 95% CI 0.14-7.99, P = 0.0489), and meat/seafood consumption (MD = 21.28 g, 95% CI 2.27-40.29, P = 0.011). Solitary dining is a potent risk factor for depression (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.33-1.87, P < 0.001). Across mealtimes, the highest depression risk is associated with solitary dinner (OR = 2.13, 1.57-2.89, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Communal dining is associated with a reduced risk of nutritional inadequacy and psychological distress through integrated mechanisms of social engagement and dietary diversification. Our findings support the inclusion of commensality as a strategic, non-pharmacological component in global geriatric health policy.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251177507, identifier: CRD420251177507.