Annals of medicine · 2026
Associations of seated dual-task ergometer training with cognitive and mobility outcomes in older adults with disabling conditions undergoing inpatient convalescent rehabilitation: a retrospective observational study.
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Hasui Makoto, Takashima Shunji, Suzuki Machiko, Isobe Takayuki, Yamashita Yutaro, Kurotobi Yohei, Yamauchi Katsuya
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between a 4-week seated dual-task (DT) ergometer program and cognitive and mobility outcomes in older convalescent rehabilitation inpatients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective observational study included 125 rehabilitation episodes involving older adults undergoing inpatient convalescent rehabilitation , primarily for orthopaedic disorders and stroke. Participants received seated DT ergometer training (n = 79) or conventional recumbent ergometer exercise (n = 46) for 4 weeks. Primary outcomes were the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Trail Making Test-Japanese Part A (TMT-J Part A), 10-m DT walking time, and the Timed Up and Go test (TUG). Analysis of covariance models adjusted post-training outcomes for baseline values, age, and diagnosis using HC3 robust standard errors.
RESULTS: Adjusted between-group differences (DT minus conventional exercise) were nonsignificant for MMSE (0.08 points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.78 to 0.93; p = 0.862), TMT-J Part A (-6.59 s; 95% CI, -22.06 to 8.87; p = 0.403), DT walking time (-0.89 s; 95% CI, -2.77 to 0.99; p = 0.354), and TUG (-0.97 s; 95% CI, -2.62 to 0.67; p = 0.246). The six-sessions-per-week sensitivity analysis yielded consistent results. Exploratory analyses showed greater improvements in DT walking time (p = 0.003) and TUG (p = 0.016) in the MMSE ≥27 stratum. Within standard TMT-J limits, adjusted Part A time was shorter in the DT group (p = 0.035), whereas the unadjusted change-score comparison was nonsignificant (p = 0.182).
CONCLUSIONS: Seated DT ergometer training did not demonstrate a clear advantage over conventional ergometer exercise in cognitive or mobility outcomes. Exploratory findings are hypothesis-generating. Prospective randomized studies with standardized training exposure are needed.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective observational study included 125 rehabilitation episodes involving older adults undergoing inpatient convalescent rehabilitation , primarily for orthopaedic disorders and stroke. Participants received seated DT ergometer training (n = 79) or conventional recumbent ergometer exercise (n = 46) for 4 weeks. Primary outcomes were the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Trail Making Test-Japanese Part A (TMT-J Part A), 10-m DT walking time, and the Timed Up and Go test (TUG). Analysis of covariance models adjusted post-training outcomes for baseline values, age, and diagnosis using HC3 robust standard errors.
RESULTS: Adjusted between-group differences (DT minus conventional exercise) were nonsignificant for MMSE (0.08 points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.78 to 0.93; p = 0.862), TMT-J Part A (-6.59 s; 95% CI, -22.06 to 8.87; p = 0.403), DT walking time (-0.89 s; 95% CI, -2.77 to 0.99; p = 0.354), and TUG (-0.97 s; 95% CI, -2.62 to 0.67; p = 0.246). The six-sessions-per-week sensitivity analysis yielded consistent results. Exploratory analyses showed greater improvements in DT walking time (p = 0.003) and TUG (p = 0.016) in the MMSE ≥27 stratum. Within standard TMT-J limits, adjusted Part A time was shorter in the DT group (p = 0.035), whereas the unadjusted change-score comparison was nonsignificant (p = 0.182).
CONCLUSIONS: Seated DT ergometer training did not demonstrate a clear advantage over conventional ergometer exercise in cognitive or mobility outcomes. Exploratory findings are hypothesis-generating. Prospective randomized studies with standardized training exposure are needed.