Metabolic alkalosis following mitral valvuloplasty in a dog with preoperative acute kidney injury.

CASE DESCRIPTION: An 11-year-old sexually intact male Shih Tzu diagnosed with acute kidney injury and left-sided congestive heart failure that had nonelective mitral valve surgery.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: Metabolic alkalosis developed postoperatively, and plasma bicarbonate concentration peaked 2 days after surgery (40.2 mmol/L; pH, 7.550).

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Acetazolamide administration increased the urinary excretion of bicarbonate and contributed to the improvement of the dog's acid-base status and oxygenation capacity. Metabolic alkalosis persisted for 4 days after surgery, and no treatment was required after resolution. Plasma urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations normalized 2 days after surgery.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Severe metabolic alkalosis can occur as a complication following mitral valve surgery. Acetazolamide may be suitable for the treatment of severe metabolic alkalosis.