The role of endoscopic balloon sphincteroplasty in patients with gallbladder and bile duct stones.

We clarified the significance of endoscopic balloon sphincteroplasty (EBS) in the therapeutic treatment of biliary tract stones in the present era of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Patients with cholecysto-choledocholithiasis (n = 33) were treated by EBS. After endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC), a balloon catheter (8 mm in diameter and 3 cm in width) was inserted into the bile duct using a guidewire, and positioned at the sphincter of Oddi. After inflating the balloon catheter, bile duct stones were removed by mechanical lithotripsy, a basket catheter, or a balloon catheter. In all patients, bile duct stones were removed by EBS without endoscopic sphincterotomy. No complication occurred except for 2 cases of mild pancreatitis, which was resolved within 48 hours. Twenty-four patients underwent LC before or after EBS. The remaining 9 patients did not undergo LC due to a poor-risk status for general anesthesia. None of them, however, experienced cholecystitis or colicky attacks after EBS. The combination of EBS and LC is an excellent method for treating cholecysto-choledocholithiasis.