Erythema infectiosum and other parvovirus B19 infections.

The human parvovirus B19 has been identified as the causative agent in several diseases, including the benign childhood condition erythema infectiosum (fifth disease), a polyarthropathy that occurs in adults, aplastic crisis and hydrops fetalis. The virus has also been associated with numerous other hematologic, neurologic and rheumatic conditions. Except for the potential of neonatal death due to fetal hydrops, the prognosis of patients with parvovirus infection is generally good. The diagnosis of B19 infection may be established on clinical grounds but often requires confirmation with serum antibody testing. Treatment strategies may include supportive care, analgesic medications, transfusions with red blood cells or administration of intravenous immunoglobulin, depending on the clinical circumstances.