Clinical implications of proteinuria.

Proteinuria has long been considered a marker for renal disease. New observations are suggesting that proteinuria is also a risk factor for other outcomes as well, such as cardiac events and stroke. This article will review a recommended strategy for proteinuria detection and the associations of proteinuria with the progression of renal disease and cardiovascular disease. It will also review the significance of the development of proteinuria in the elderly population and discuss other common causes of proteinuria apart from those secondary to diabetes and hypertension.