Demographic and regional trends in all-cause mortality among adults with coexisting multiple myeloma and cardiovascular disease in the United States, 1999-2023: A CDC WONDER analysis.

INTRODUCTION

Multiple myeloma (MM) frequently coexists with cardiovascular disease (CVD), contributing to elevated morbidity and mortality. Despite this correlation, national patterns in mortality among individuals with both MM and CVD remain understudied. This study examined demographic and regional trends in all-cause mortality among adults aged ≥35 with coexisting MM and CVD in the United States from 1999 to 2023.

METHODS

Using ICD-10 Codes: C90.0 and I00-I79, we extracted data from the CDC-WONDER from 1999 to 2023. Crude mortality rates (CMRs) and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 population were calculated. Joinpoint regression analysis was utilized to evaluate annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent changes (AAPC).

RESULTS

A total of 116,821 deaths were reported throughout the study period. Overall, there was a slight decline in AAMR due to MM and CVD with an AAPC of -0.05% (95% CI: -0.28 to 0.24). A notable rise in mortality was observed between 2018 and 2021, likely influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Stratified analyses showed persistent increase in mortality rates among men, older adults, non-Hispanic (NH) White individuals and residents of the West and small/medium metropolitan areas. Among cardiovascular subtypes, hypertensive disease exhibited the highest mortality rates and consistent upward trend.

CONCLUSION

Although all-cause mortality from MM and CVD has slightly declined over the past two decades, significant disparities persist across demographic and geographic subgroups. Targeted efforts focused on cardiovascular risk assessment, preventive care, and equitable access to healthcare are urgently needed to reduce the burden of mortality in patients with coexisting MM and CVD in this vulnerable group.