Cytokine Targeted Therapeutics for Alopecia Areata: Lessons from Atopic Dermatitis and Other Inflammatory Skin Diseases.

Alopecia areata is a T-cell-mediated disease that shares phenotypic similarities with other inflammatory diseases, particularly atopic dermatitis, and lacks safe, effective, mechanism-specific treatments. Increasing data suggests that alopecia areata harbors contributions of T helper type 1, T helper type 2, T helper type 17/IL-23, and phosphodiesterase pathways. Antagonism of these axes is undergoing evaluation, and might elucidate the underlying molecular circuitry of alopecia areata, advancing the translational revolution for this disease.