Evolutionary analysis of circumsporozoite surface protein and merozoite surface protein-1 (CSP and MSP-1) sequences of malaria parasites.

Malaria, one of the world's most common diseases, is caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite known as Plasmodium. In this study, we have determined the evolutionary relationship of two single-copy proteins, circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1), among Plasmodium species using various bioinformatics tools and softwares. These two proteins are major blood stage antigens of Plasmodium species. This study demonstrates that the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum shows similarity with Plasmodium cynomolgi and Plasmodium knowlesi. The merozoite surface protein-1 of Plasmodium coatneyi forms a monophyletic group with Plasmodium knowlesi, demonstrating their close relationship and these two species also reveal similarity between the human malaria Plasmodium vivax. This Plasmodium phylogenetic arrangement is evidently crucial to identify shared derived characters as well as particular adaptation of plasmodium species from inside and between monophyletic groups.