Microsurgery in otology and laryngology: a review of developments during the past thirty years.

The operating microscope was originally introduced to provide better visualization and illumination for otologic surgery. The successful use of this instrument in the fenestration operation for otosclerosis rapidly led to its application to reconstructive procedures in chronic suppurative otitis media. Later, it became evident that the operating microscope also provided advantages in the treatment of inner ear disorders and in the removal of acoustic Schwannomas; a considerable reduction in morbidity and an improved prognosis have resulted from application of microsurgery to these conditions. In addition, new photographic and television equipment, used in combination with microsurgery, has greatly improved the standards of teaching and the recording of pathologic information.