An Update on Temporal Bone Paragangliomas.

Temporal bone paragangliomas (TBPs) are indolent, classically benign and highly vascular neoplasms of the temporal bone. There are two types of TBPs, tympanomastoid paragangliomas (TMPs) and tympanojugular paragangliomas (TJPs). The most common symptoms are hearing loss and pulsatile tinnitus. Diagnostic workup, besides conventional physical and laboratory examinations, includes biochemical testing of catecholamine and genetic testing of SDHx gene mutations as well as radiological examination. Although surgery is traditionally the mainstay of treatment, it is challenging due to the close proximity of tumor to critical neurovascular structures and thus the high risk of complications, especially in patients with advanced lesions. Radiotherapy and active surveillance have been increasingly recommended for selected patients. Decision on treatment should be made comprehensively. Curative effect depends on various factors. Long-term follow-up with clinical, laboratory, and radiological examinations is essential for all patients.