Transtympanic endoscopy of the middle ear.

Modern optical technology has made available fiberoptic and rigid endoscopes with diameters of 2 mm and less with acceptable resolution. Endoscopes of small caliber were introduced through a strategically placed myringotomy or an existing perforation to perform exploration of the middle ear as an in-the-office procedure. This technique is now routinely used as an adjunct in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected middle ear conditions. Exploratory surgery of the middle ear may be avoided or definitive procedures may be planned better based on endoscopic findings.