Biosecurity for Reproductive Disease Prevention in Sheep and Goats.

Infectious reproductive diseases pose a significant economic threat to sheep and goat operations. Maintaining records, a defined breeding season, and recognizing deviations from normal are crucial to herd health programs. Signs of suboptimal fertility, such as repeat breeding, unexpected open females, and abnormal gestational distributions, warrant further investigation. Important causes of infectious abortion discussed include chlamydiosis (enzootic abortion), coxiellosis, campylobacteriosis, toxoplasmosis, and brucellosis. Given the potential zoonotic nature of abortion in small ruminants, producer education is imperative. Implementing the sound biosecurity practices is critical for reducing the introduction of reproductive pathogens and enhancing the overall health of flocks and herds.